Successful K-12 Technology Planning: Ten Essential Elements(7&8)

7. ENSURE A SOUND INFRASTRUCTURE 確保完善的基礎設備
For technology to impact student learning, the technology plan must ensure that appropriate resources are in place to support and maintain networks and equipment. Technical support is also essential so that all systems work 24/7. Techno-phobic teachers will quickly give up on technology use when it doesn't work after they have spent many hours learning about the software and planning technology-enhanced lessons.
由於科技會影響著學生的學習，故科技計畫必須確保有適當的資源以支持與維持網絡與設備。因此，技術的支援是必要的且所有的系統必需24小時運作。對於科技恐懼的教師可能會因為機器無法運作而放棄在教學上的使用，即使他們已經花了很多時間在學習電腦軟體與科技提升課程的計畫上。

Setting single standards for software, hardware, networks, and video equipment is crucial. Doing so will result in significant savings in staff development and support costs, including repairs, and will make it easier to upgrade and support district licenses. Technical support may be a nightmare otherwise, because incompatible systems can't "talk" to each other.
所以，將軟體、硬體、網絡與視訊設備設定為單一標準化是很重要的，如此一來，即可節省人力發展與成本花費，包含修繕費、升級使用以及支援手冊等。因為不相容的系統無法使用且讓人感到無所適從，因此，技術支援是很重要的。

8. ALLOCATE APPROPRIATE FUNDING AND BUDGET分配適當的資金和預算
The plan should be in line with your district or school's financial resources. It should not promise more than the budget can deliver.
一個計畫應該要能符合學區或學校的財政資源，而不應該超過可提供的預算承諾。

There are two parts to a technology budget. A recommended formula for the first portion is as follows: 40% of every dollar allocated should be for hardware, 20% for software, 20% for professional development, and 20% for upgrades and additional needs as teachers' expertise grows. If you spend all of the money on hardware, you will not see the return on student learning because there will be no funds for professional development, upgrades, and so on. These recommendations are not just for the first year, but for anytime you budget or receive one-time grant dollars.
這裡有兩部分的預算方式，第一個即40%的預算分配應在電腦的硬體上、20%為軟體、20%為專業發展與20%作為升級與教師專業成長的額外需求。若將所有的預算花費在硬體上，就會發現學生的學習毫無成果，因為也沒有任何經費的提供在專業發展與技術升級的資源。而這些建議運用應不僅是在學期的第一年，而是在學期中的任何時間或是得到補助經費的時候，皆要有所考量。

Budget separately for technical support expenses. Support must be available 24/7 so that teachers have confidence that the time they spend in reviewing software and planning will not be lost when equipment and networks fail to work.
經費預算的支出應與技術支援經費有所區別，而支持系統也必須是24小時的運作，才能使教師有信心的使用電腦軟體，也不會在運用時產生問題而影響教學活動。

A thoughtful technology plan will not consider the purchase of more hardware and networks then the district can support with its technical support capacity.
此外，良好的科技計畫不會考慮購買更多的硬體與網絡，重要的是考量到具有技術支援的能力才是好的計畫。

資料來源: http://www.ericdigests.org/2002-2/ten.htm